Cyanobacteriochromes
Optogenetics is a new branch of synthetic biology. It is usually defined as the engineering of specific light induced cell response. This study began with the experiment of phytochrome and bacterial pigment in bacteria and mammalian neurons. Photoreceptors in cyanobacteria, commonly known as Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs), can respond to almost any wavelength in the visible range from far red light to ultraviolet light.
CBCRs regulate cellular responses in space and time by accurately applying and removing light. A optogenetics system based on cyanobacteria photoreceptors was implemented to study protein interaction and cell signal transduction in cyanobacteria, bacteria and mammalian cells. The application of CBCRs in optogenetic systems extends their use in the development of potential new therapies.
Cyanobacteriochromes is one of the optogenetics switches available at Creative BioMart. We provide plenty of services and related solutions based on the CcaSR and Am1 c0023g2-Green/Red switch system.
CcaSR Switch System
Overview
The CcaSR system consists of two proteins, the optical sensor CcaS and the response regulator CcaR. CcaS is a light sensor that works with the help of phycocyanidin. CcaS is also a histidine kinase that can self phosphorylate and then activate CcaR through phosphate transfer reaction. Once activated, CcaR up regulates the transcription of the promoter. Exposure to green light will increase the rate of phosphorylation of CcaR by CcaS, while exposure to red light will induce CcaS and dephosphorylate CcaR. Therefore, the transcription of the promoter can be up-regulated or down regulated by exposing the CcaSR system to green light or red light, respectively.
| |
CcaSR |
Am1 c0023g2-Green |
Am1 c0023g2-Red |
| Photoreceptor |
Chromatic acclimation sensor (CcaS) |
Am1 c0023g2 |
Am1 c0023g2 |
| Binding partner |
Chromatic acclimation regulator (CcaR) |
BAm green |
BAm red |
| Cofactor |
Phycocyanobilin (PCB) |
Phycocyanobilin (PCB) |
Phycocyanobilin (PCB) |
| Source organism |
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 |
Acaryochloris marina |
Acaryochloris marina |
| Mode of action |
Gene expression |
Homodimerization |
Homodimerization |
| Excitation wavelength |
535 nm |
525 nm |
680 nm |
| Reversion wavelength |
670 nm |
680 nm |
525 nm |
Am1 c0023g2-Green/Red Switch System
Overview
Am1 c0023g2 is the red/green GAF domain from Acaryochloris marina, it can bind two distinct bilins - PCB or biliverdin (BV). When binding to PCB, Am1 c0023g2 forms a thermally stable red absorbing state (Pr). When irradiated with red light (680 nm), the Pr state changes to the green absorbing state (Pg). In the dark, the Pg state shows a very slow thermal recovery to the Pr state. Irradiation of Pg state with green light (525 nm) can quickly and quantitatively convert protein back to Pr state. When Am1 c0023g2 binds the more extensively conjugated BV chromophore, it forms a thermostable far-red absorbing (Pfr) state.
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