In eukaryotic cells, organelles are important functional units in cells. Their location and distribution have a significant impact on cell polarization, signal transmission, survival and apoptosis. In order to make the organelles reach the right position at the right time and play their functions, the organelles are moved to every corner of the cell through a set of transportation system. The basic mechanism of the system is to take the cytoskeleton as the "track" and the molecular motor as the "tractor" connecting the organelle and the skeleton, so as to control the transportation and positioning of the organelle.
Although the working principle of organelle transport and the relationship between organelle localization and cell activity have been widely and deeply studied, it is still challenging to understand the role of specific organelle distribution in time and space. Previous studies have used drugs to interfere with cytoskeletal elements and inhibit molecular motors to change organelle localization, but these methods usually lack receptor selectivity and spatial specificity. Photosensitive protein dimerization system with precise spatiotemporal regulation is a new tool for precise control of organelle transport.
Through heterodimerization of photosensitive proteins, specific molecular motor proteins can be recruited and connected to selected organelles, so as to control organelle transport.
As shown in the figure, mCherry fluorescent protein labeled photosensitive protein a fused organelle membrane binding protein and bound to organelles; GFP labeled photosensitive protein B fused with molecular motor and moved on the cytoskeleton. When the heterodimerization of a and B is excited by the light signal of specific wavelength, the organelles are connected with the molecular motor and move along the cytoskeleton in a specific direction under the traction of the molecular motor. After the optical signal is removed, the heterodimer of a and B is separated, and the organelles are separated from the molecular motor. Most of the existing photogenetic tools can be used to construct this reversible and specific control system.
Creative BioMart has mastered and developed a variety of optical switching systems for Organelle Transport and Molecular Motor. We have the ability to provide the construction services of cell lines, expression systems and model organisms.
Photogenetic control of molecular motor and organelle distribution in cells
We report a photogenetic strategy for controlling organelle transport and distribution by light. This is achieved by heterodimerization of Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) and its interacting partner cib1 to optically recruit molecular motors to organelles. Light induced motor recruitment and organelle movement are repeatable and reversible, and can be realized in subcellular regions. This light controlled organelle redistribution provides a new strategy for studying the causal role of organelle transport and distribution in the cellular function of living cells.
Intracellular directed transport
Optical control of intracellular transport is established by recruiting specific cytoskeletal motor proteins to selected goods using photosensitive heterodimerization. The photogenetic control strategy of organelle localization will be widely used to explore the organelle function of specific parts in different model systems.
Organelle transport in model organisms
It is feasible to use photogenetic tools to control organelle transport in vivo. The system can be applied to transport various organelles in Caenorhabditis elegans. The movement and suspension of various organelles can be achieved by recruiting appropriate cytoskeletal motor proteins with light.
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