Cryptochromes
Cryptochrome is a flavin containing blue light photoreceptor related to photolyase, which is involved in the circadian rhythm and magnetic field induction of many species.
Two genes cry1 and cry2 encode two cryptochrome proteins cry1 and CRY2. In addition to chlorophyll, cryptochrome is the only known protein that forms light induced free radical pairs in vivo.
Cryptochrome has always been the focus of many efforts in optogenetics. Using transfection, the preliminary study of yeast utilizes the potential of CRY2 heterodimerization to control cell processes, including gene expression, through light.
Creative BioMart provides plenty of services and related solutions based on the cryptochromes and cryptochromes-derived switch systems.
CRY2/CIB1 Domain Switch System
One optogenetic tool that has been employed is the blue light-responsive cryptochrome 2/cryptochrome-interacting basic-helix-loop-helix 1 (CRY2/CIB1) system. Activated CRY2 can interact with cib1, which is involved in the mechanism of flower initiation. In addition to the interaction with cib1, photoexcited CRY2 can also form homopolymers. Photoactivated CRY2 forms homomers and heteromers within seconds and dissociates in the dark in a repeatable manner within minutes.
| |
CRY2/CIB1 |
CRY2/CRY2 |
CRY2olig |
CRY2clust |
| Photoreceptor |
CRY2 |
CRY2 |
CRY2olig |
CRY2olig |
| Binding partner |
CIB1 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
| Cofactor |
FAD |
FAD |
FAD |
FAD |
| Source organism |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| Mode of action |
Heterodimerization |
Homooligomerization |
Homooligomerization |
Homooligomerization |
| Excitation wavelength |
450 nm |
450 nm |
450 nm |
450 nm |
| Reversion wavelength |
Dark |
Dark |
Dark |
Dark |
| Excitation time |
Seconds |
Seconds |
Seconds |
Seconds |
| Reversion time |
Minutes |
Minutes |
Minutes |
Minutes |
CRY2olig Switch System
This new photogenetics module based on CRY2 can be used alone to detect and detect protein interactions in living cells and interfere with protein function with light. When stimulated by light pulses, CRY2olig undergoes rapid, reversible and robust clustering in a few seconds, redistributing most cytoplasmic proteins to clusters in each light receiving cell.
CRY2clust Switch System
CRY2clust consists of CRY2PHR and 9 amino acid residues, which are engineered to maximize its performance. Compared with other CRY2 derived photogenetic systems (such as CRY2olig), CRY2clust triggers faster protein binding and dissociation when light is turned on and off, respectively. It can work at low blue light intensity (90 microwatts/mm2). In addition, since it does not accumulate in nuclear structures called nuclear spots, it may be useful to study nuclear processes.
Related Services and Solutions
CRY2/CIB1 activated Tet operon controlled mammalian system
CRY2/CIB1 activated transient gene expression in CHO cells
CRY2/CIB1 activated multi chromatic controllable mammalian system
CRY2/CIB1 activated gene expression in HEK 293T cells
CRY2 activated mammalian system
CRY2/CIB1 control Saccharomyces cerevisiae system
CRY2/CIB1 activated Drosophila S2 system
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